Urology Research Center, Tehran University of Medical SciencesTranslational Research in Urology2717-042X1220191105Performing Urology Procedure in Positive Urine Culture as a Research: Is that Ethical515310810910.22034/au.2020.229504.1020ENAlimohammad Fakhr YasseriUrology Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran0000-0003-2084-2814Mohammad AslzareDepartment of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, IranJournal Article20190904The prospective cohort study investigated the association between postoperative infectious complications in patients undergoing urologic procedures based on asymptomatic bacteriuria (ASB). The advantages of this study are not only the method of blinding by using alternative infectious diseases physicians but also the idea was unique. When we read this article, we thought about more important risk factors than ASB. Although This study was approved by the Universidad CES Research Ethics Committee, we should consider its ethical problems.http://www.transresurology.com/article_108109_ce04787f79f002180c4070fab842d173.pdfUrology Research Center, Tehran University of Medical SciencesTranslational Research in Urology2717-042X1220191108Unusual Emphysematous Chest Wall with Progressive Loculated Empyema and Abscess Formation Post Emphysematous Pyelonephritis: A Case Report545710811310.22034/au.2020.232219.1023ENSaeid Marzban RadDepartment of Medicine, Aja University of Tehran Medical Sciences, Tehran, IranReza AlizadehDepartment of Medicine, Aja University of Tehran Medical Sciences, Tehran, IranZahra Marzban RadDepartment of Medicine, Aja University of Tehran Medical Sciences, Tehran, IranParastesh SattariDepartment of Medicine, Aja University of Tehran Medical Sciences, Tehran, IranAmeneh-Sadat KazemiDepartment of Medicine, Islamic Azad University of Tehran Medical Sciences, Tehran, IranZiba AghsaeefardUrology Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, IranJournal Article20190909<strong>Introduction</strong><br />Abdominal emphysematous pyelonephritis and its association with lung involvement in diabetic patients can be life-treating and should be cured as soon as possible.<br /><strong>Case presentation</strong><br />Our case is a 39-year-old female patient with diabetes mellitus with a history of left kidney stones. She underwent extracorporeal shock wave Lithotripsy (ESWL) and was referred to the emergency room a week later because of glucose 389 mg/dL, fever, and renal abscess. The infection then developed as emphysema around the kidneys and lungs, and subsequent studies of urine sample tests confirmed the infection with <em>E-Coil</em>. Following this parenchymal infection, the left kidney was destroyed and developed above the abscess diaphragm, and the left lung collapsed, causing progressive emphysematous (PELE). The patient underwent the necessary diagnostic and therapeutic measures, including glycemic control and surgery thoracoabdominal incision with left nephrectomy, abscess drainage, and decortications. Eventually, the patient was discharged in good general condition.<br /><strong>Conclusions</strong><br />In our case, auto-nephrectomy caused by pyelonephritis occurred in the context of diabetes and with a history of renal stone, so it seems that diabetic patients should also consider auto-nephrectomy in severe chronic and acute pyelonephritis infection.http://www.transresurology.com/article_108113_7ab0244aa32d7723605c573436a68e98.pdfUrology Research Center, Tehran University of Medical SciencesTranslational Research in Urology2717-042X1220191113The Alpha Blockers and the Ureteral Access Sheaths Placements586010811410.22034/au.2020.229122.1019ENBehzad NarouieDepartment of Urology, Zahedan University of Medical Sciences, Zahedan, Iran0000-0003-1574-0055Fatemeh KhatamiUrology Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran0000-0002-6311-1336Journal Article20190912The new technique of laser applications with flexible ureteroscopy and retrograde intrarenal surgery (RIRS) applications has improved significantly over the last few years. Nowadays, it is possible to effectively accomplish RIRS operations on upper urinary system stones by using devices that yield high-quality images due to developments in digital technology and increased deflection ability. Several modifications and suggestions are considered for its improvement. One of them is using α-blockers to boost the spontaneous passage of ureteral stones led and relaxation and to decrease intramural ureteral resistance in ureteral smooth muscles. http://www.transresurology.com/article_108114_ecfcfa1dc1a7405db5f04cd2b19ac800.pdfUrology Research Center, Tehran University of Medical SciencesTranslational Research in Urology2717-042X1220191114Association of Microbiota and Overactive Bladder: A Mini Literature Review616610933910.22034/tru.2020.231244.1022ENRahil MashhadiUrology Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran0000-0003-1788-5282Diana TaheriDepartment of Pathology, Isfahan Kidney Diseases Research Center, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran0000-0002-8131-1120Seyed Habibollah MousavibaharUrology and Nephrology Research Center, Hamadan University of Medical Science, Hamadan, IranMaryam AghaiiUrology Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran0000-0002-0770-0654Alireza Namazi ShabestariDepartment of Geriatric Medicine, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran0000-0003-0817-0883Mehdi EbrahimiUrology Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran0000-0002-2783-1248Mohammad Hatef KhorramiMedicine Department, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran0000-0003-1246-6345Journal Article20190924Overactive bladder (OAB) is a common urinary disorder that affects both sexes. This disorder has a very strong and direct effect on the quality of the personal and social life of patients. Some recent studies have shown that urine and the urinary tract are not sterile and contain special microbiota (communities of special microorganisms found in and on an individual). Thus, this review aimed to answer the question of whether microbiota can lead to an overactive bladder.http://www.transresurology.com/article_109339_0f96976410b1aa9f1a6267a44234f983.pdfUrology Research Center, Tehran University of Medical SciencesTranslational Research in Urology2717-042X1220191120The Effect of Herbal Extracts on the Treatment and Prevention of Prostate Cancer: A Literature Review677311100210.22034/tru.2020.231129.1021ENAkram MirzaeiUrology Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran0000-0003-2219-999XFatemeh KhatamiUrology Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran0000-0002-6311-1336Mehdi EbrahimiDepartment of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Sina Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran Iran0000-0002-2783-1248Seyed Habibollah MousavibaharUrology and Nephrology Resaerch Center, Hamedan University of Medical Sciences, Hamedan, IranBehzad NarouieDepartment of Urology, Zahedan University of Medical Sciences, Zahedan, Iran0000-0003-1574-0055Journal Article20190828Today, prostate cancer is the second leading cause of death in men. Disorders of this gland have side effects on fertility and cause urinary problems. As people age, the prostate gland can have some problems, including benign hyperplasia and prostate cancer, which are caused by abnormal growth of the gland. Various natural supplements that affect the growth and proliferation of prostate cells have been found using epidemiological, laboratory, and clinical studies. With the help of findings from herbal medicine, the problems caused by prostate disorders can be controlled and treated largely. In this review article, the mechanism of action of some of these natural substances is considered including garden thyme, spirulina algae, Ruta graveolens L, wheat germ, nettle root extract Urtica dioica, lycopene, saw palmetto, garlic, curcumin, pumpkin seeds, green tea, and soy. The main functional mechanism of most of these plant extracts may be the inhibition of the enzyme 5 alpha-reductase. This enzyme converts testosterone to dihydrotestosterone, which causes dihydrotestosterone to cause carcinogens in the prostate. The purpose of writing this article is to introduce and use some medicinal plants that help treat prostate cancer.http://www.transresurology.com/article_111002_fc73c182d5621525db053266a7ccb580.pdfUrology Research Center, Tehran University of Medical SciencesTranslational Research in Urology2717-042X1220191120Primary Huge Retroperitoneal Mucinous Cystadenoma in an Iranian Woman : A Case Report747811086810.22034/tru.2020.227161.1013ENNastaran MahmoudnejadUrology and Nephrology Research Center, Shahid Labbafinejad Hospital, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, IranMehdi DadpourUrology and Nephrology Research Center, Shahid Labbafinejad Hospital, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran0000-0003-3550-3778Mahmoud ParvinUrology and Nephrology Research Center, Shahid Labbafinejad Hospital, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, IranMaryam ShafieiDepartment of Surgery, Yas Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, IranJournal Article20190818<strong>Introduction</strong><br />Primary retroperitoneal mucinous cystadenoma is a rare tumor among women. Herein, we present a 47-year-old Iranian woman complaining of abdominal discomfort for six months. <br /><strong>Case presentation</strong><br />The patient and her family had always lived an urban life and they didn’t have any close contact with farm animals and their products. She didn’t mention any history of malignant or benign abdominal tumors in her first-degree relatives. The primary evaluation showed normal lab data but a huge retroperitoneal cyst in imaging studies. The patient underwent an exploratory laparotomy. A 19x14x8 cm well-defined cystic lesion with mild adhesion to the lower pole of the left kidney and descending colon was noticed. The mass was dissected from the adjacent organs and removed completely without spillage of its content. The histopathologic evaluation of the cyst was compatible with retroperitoneal mucinous cystadenoma. Three years’ follow-up did not show any recurrence of the tumor. To our knowledge, less than 50 cases with this pathology have been reported and published in the literature and this case is the second one in Iran. <br /><strong>Conclusions</strong><br />Although primary retroperitoneal mucinous cystadenoma is a very rare entity, it should be considered in the differential diagnosis of any retroperitoneal cystic lesion. Since the definitive diagnosis of these lesions is made by histopathologic evaluation, complete resection of them is both diagnostic and therapeutic.http://www.transresurology.com/article_110868_3f7ab63a70f846382c3d6d8e9e1a5af5.pdfUrology Research Center, Tehran University of Medical SciencesTranslational Research in Urology2717-042X1220191123Comparison of Stone-Free Rates after Ureteroscopic Pneumatic Lithotripsy in Impacted vs. Non-Impacted upper Ureteral Stones798311319010.22034/tru.2020.239158.1026ENAlimohammad Fakhr YasseriUrology Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran0000-0003-2084-2814Morteza HamidiDepartemnt of Urology, AJA University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran0000-0003-0981-5030Seyed Mohammad Kazem AghamirUrology Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran0000-0003-1611-0362Journal Article20201002<strong>Introduction</strong><br />Stone impaction in ureteral is defined as an unchanged stone location for at least 2 months or an inability to pass guidewire up to the stone intraoperatively. This study aims to evaluate the effect of stone impaction on pneumatic transurethral lithotripsy in upper ureteral stones. And to assess if stone impaction could be a factor that prevents retropulsion of upper ureteral stones. <br /><strong>Methods</strong><br />In this retrospective cohort study, patients referred with upper ureteral stone to the urology clinic of Sina hospital between May 2014 to May 2018 were evaluated. The patients were divided into two groups: those with stone impaction (Group A) and those without impaction of stone (Group B). Transurethral lithotripsy (TUL) procedure with pneumatic lithotripter was performed in all patients. The data were extracted from patients’ documents and files retrospectively and analyzed. Quantitate data were shown by the number (%) and they were compared by chi-square test.<br /><strong>Results</strong><br />70 patients with upper ureteral stones were evaluated. 38 patients (54.2%) in group A and 32 (45.7%) in group B. Average stone size was 7 mm (5-12) and there wasn’t a significant difference in stone burden between the two groups. Stone-free rate (SFR) was significantly less in group B. (90% in group A versus 19% in group B, p-value <0.001). Almost 1.7% of patients experienced complications, there wasn’t a significant difference between the two groups.<br /><strong>Conclusions</strong><br />Based on the better success rate of pneumatic TUL in upper ureteral impacted stones in comparison with non-impacted stones, we could conclude that having an impacted stone could be a favorable risk factor for successful TUL. The reason could be less migration of these types of stones.http://www.transresurology.com/article_113190_2c9a38a847ec560ea52170b6d4c1652e.pdfUrology Research Center, Tehran University of Medical SciencesTranslational Research in Urology2717-042X1220191128The Relationship between Graft Function and Liver Function after Kidney Transplantation: A Retrospective Cohort Study849011319110.22034/tru.2020.239483.1027ENSeyed Mohammad Kazem AghamirUrology Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran0000-0003-1611-0362Raika JamaliUrology Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, IranSeyed Saeed Tamehri ZadehUrology Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran0000-0001-7803-5850Alireza KhajaviStudent Research Committee, Faculty of Paramedical Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, IranFatemeh KhatamiUrology Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran0000-0002-6311-1336Gholamreza PourmandUrology Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, IranSanaz DehghaniOrgan Procurement Unit of Sina Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran0000-0001-5946-2611Journal Article20191008<strong>Introduction</strong><br />After kidney transplantation, several factors should be checked to predict the risk of rejection. Liver enzymes are such predicting factors so liver function test abnormalities (LFTA) can consider the rejection possibility in kidney transplant recipients (KTR). <br /><strong>Methods</strong><br />Through a retrospective cohort study, 659 KTR were studied. The source of all grafts was from deceased donors. Amongst these cases, 67 patients showed a significant rise in creatinine as the rejection indication. Several liver indexes like alanine transaminase (ALT), aspartate transaminase (AST), direct bilirubin (Bil D), total bilirubin (Bil T), and liver ultrasound reports, gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase (GGT), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), prothrombin time (PT) INR in addition to creatinine were examined for three-six post-transplant in KTR.<br /><strong>Results</strong><br />Our study exposed that liver functional tests regularly had considerable statistical differences between KTR with creatinine increase and with no creatinine increase. Despite these differences between the two groups AST, ALT and ALP serum levels were still within the normal range in both groups. The same result was seen over Bil D and Bil T.<br /><strong>Conclusions</strong><br />Liver function test abnormalities can not adequately predict the rejection. Some other elements should be taken into consideration like inflammation factors like erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR or sed rate), and C-reactive protein (CRP).http://www.transresurology.com/article_113191_484340d21d2edb7cf728fbf4053d31d4.pdf